پادشاهی بحرین کشوری است جزیره‌ای در خلیج فارس. پایتخت آن منامه، زبان رسمی آن عربی است و استفاده از زبان‌های انگلیسی، فارسی و اردو هم بسیار رایج است. بحرین به پنج استان بخش شده و تا ۳ ژوئیه ۲۰۰۲ (میلادی) دارای ۱۴ شهر بوده‌است. این کشور از ۳۲ جزیره تشکیل یافته‌است. بحرین از سال ۱۸۲۰ میلادی تحت سرپرستی کشور بریتانیا بوده، و در سال ۱۹۷۱ استقلال کامل یافته‌است.

بحرین در یک نگاه

جمهوری اسلامی پاکستان یکی از کشورهای جنوب آسیاست که در همسایگی ایران، افغانستان، چین و هند قرار دارد.

مساحت آن 880 هزار و 940 کیلومتر مربع است. پایتخت آن اسلام آباد است و بزرگترین شهر آن کراچی است. مردم پاکستان به زبان اردو سخن می‌گویند.

پاکستان ﮬﻔﺖ استان دارد: بلوچستان، سر حد شمالی، سند، پنجاب، ﻣناطق ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻰ، مناطق ﻗﺒﻴﻠﻪﺍﻯ، ﻛﺸﻤﻴﺮ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ و ﺍﺳﻼﻡﺁﺑﺎﺩ.

پاکستان با 164 میلیون و 741 هزار و 924 نفر جمعیت (بر اساس آمارهای سال 2007) ششمین کشور پرجمعیت جهان است و دومین کشور پرجمعیت در بین کشورهای مسلمان. این کشور تا سال 1947 تحت سلطه انگلیس بود. در سال 1956 در این کشور جمهوری اسلامی اعلام شد.

Islamic Republic of Iran

CLIMATE:

Iran has a diverse climate. In the northwest, winters are cold with heavy snowfall and subfreezing temperatures during December and January. Spring and fall are relatively mild, while summers are dry and hot. In the south, winters are mild and the summers are very hot, having average daily temperatures in July exceeding 38° C (100° F). On the Khuzestan plain, summer heat is accompanied by high humidity.

In general, Iran has an arid climate in which most of the relatively scant annual precipitation falls from October through April. In most of the country, yearly precipitation averages 25 centimeters or less. The major exceptions are the higher mountain valleys of the Zagros and the Caspian coastal plain, where precipitation averages at least 50 centimeters annually. In the western part of the Caspian, rainfall exceeds 100 centimeters annually and is distributed relatively evenly throughout the year.

Carrying money :
Iran is still a cash economy, so bring enough hard currency for the duration of your stay. US dollars and euros are the most useful, and new and large (USD 100 or EUR 100 or higher) bills in good condition are perfered and usually get a better rate. Trade embargoes mean that banks will not forward cash advances on your foreign credit cards and they are only accepted by select stores for large purchases, such as Persian rugs. Most will be happy to forward you some cash on your credit card at the same time as your purchase. If you are desperate for cash, you can also try asking these shops to extend you the same favour without buying a rug or souvenir, but expect to pay dearly for the luxury.

Travellers' cheques Although in theory central banks in provincial capitals are able to cash them, the paperwork and time involved make them impractical for tourist use.

ATMs exist in most cities, and there are point-of-sale devices in some larger stores, but only local bank cards are accepted. Bank Tejarat is now providing a prepaid smart-card service for foreign tourists travelling to Iran. Using this service, you can buy a prepaid smart-card with foreign currency which can be used on the domestic ATM and point-of-sale network for withdrawing rials. You can apply for this service at some travel agents, if they support the service, or by visiting the special Tejarat Bank kiosk in Tehran's Mehrabad international airport. Before your departure, the remaining credit on the card can be changed back to foreign currency. Since the domestic ATM network is prone to malfunctions, and point-of-sale devices aren't common in stores, having a cash reserve (either rials or foreign currency) is still recommended.